Biomass Taskforce

June 2000

Contents:

Biomass Taskforce Membership Update

IEA Bioenergy - Australia Participates in Five Tasks in 2000

IEA Bioenergy - Australia Hosts International Meetings - Biomass Taskforce Review

9,500 GWh Additional Renewable Energy Legislation Imminent

1st World Conference and Exhibition on Biomass for Energy and Industry

Renewable Energy Commercialisation Program Round 3 Grants

SEDA's Assistance Program for Renewable Energy Projects

Renewable Energy Certificates

USA FERCO/Batelle Gasifier Receives US $16 Million Support - Microturbine News

Biobased Polymer Plant Under Construction in the USA - Gasification of Olive Wastes

Algae Power - Biomass on the Internet - Forthcoming Events - Residues

Opportunities Corner - About

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Biomass Taskforce Membership1 Update

The Biomass Taskforce membership continues to grow. Membership has now reached 32, with recent new members being Babcock and Brown Pty Ltd, CVC REEF, ForestrySA, and the newly formed Renewable Energy Corporation Ltd. Thirty-four organisations now formally participate in the Biomass Taskforce, with the CSIRO Divisions of Energy Technology and Forestry and Forest Products sharing a membership and Brightstar Environmental participating with their subsidiary, Biomass Energy Services and Technology. The Biomass Taskforce wishes to further expand its membership and invites interested organisations to contact the Biomass Taskforce Manager, Dr Stephen Schuck on tel/fax 02 9416 9246 or email: Steve.Schuck@bigpond.com if your organisation is interested in joining this bioenergy development forum.

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IEA Bioenergy - Australia Participates in Five Tasks in 2000

The Biomass Taskforce has become the vehicle for Australia's participation in the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Bioenergy program. The Biomass Taskforce is providing Australia's annual membership fee to the IEA Bioenergy Executive Committee, with the Biomass Taskforce Manager convening a group which has been participating in IEA Bioenergy Task 17, Short Rotation Crops for Bioenergy since the beginning of 1999. From January 2000 the Biomass Taskforce has been directly participating in four additional Tasks. These new Tasks are:

Subgroups from the Biomass Taskforce membership have formed to participate in these Tasks, with each Task selecting a National Team Leader to co-ordinate involvement. The Biomass Taskforce recognises that there are persons and organisations that are not in a position to participate in IEA Bioenergy through membership of the Biomass Taskforce, yet whose participation is desirable. Scope exists to allow participation of such parties by invitation. National Team Leaders are: Task 18- Dr John Raison, CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products; Task 19- Peter Coombes, Delta Electricity; Task 23- Paul Wootton, Brightstar Environmental; and Task 25- Dr Annette Cowie, State Forests NSW.

Dr Steve Schuck recently attended the 45th Executive Committee Meeting of IEA Bioenergy in the Netherlands, where Tasks for the period 2001-2003 were be decided. This Meeting included a technical tour to the recently completed 20 MWe Cuijk bubbling fluidised bed wood fired power plant which runs unattended over nights and on weekends.

Should you or your organisation wish to obtain information on IEA Bioenergy and possible participation in this program, please contact Steve Schuck, the Biomass Taskforce Manager and Australia's representative on the Executive Committee of IEA Bioenergy . Tel/fax: (02)-9416-9246, or email: Steve.Schuck@bigpond.com. IEA Bioenergy has its home page at the new URL: http://www.ieabioenergy.com which provides links to the IEA Bioenergy Task sites and information such as its Annual Report and the Strategic Plan.

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IEA Bioenergy - Australia Hosts International Meetings

Australia hosted the annual international Task 17 Short Rotation Crops for Bioenergy meeting in Western Australia from 5 - 10 March. This meeting consisted of a number of field visits, focusing on native mallee eucalypts as a large-scale, short rotation tree crop for salinity control, bioenergy and co-products; effluent irrigated bluegum plantations; and bioenergy from forestry residues (plantations and native forests) plus formal sessions to consider the implementation of short rotation energy crops. This meeting was attended by a number of international experts in the field from participating countries Denmark, the Netherlands, the USA, UK, Sweden, Canada, Croatia, Italy, and Australia, plus the European Commission. The meeting was organised by CALM, Western Power Corporation, the Oil Mallee Company WA, Enecon Pty Ltd and the Biomass Taskforce.

Task 18 Conventional Forestry Systems for Bioenergy will be holding its annual workshop "Bioenergy from Sustainable Forestry: Principles and Practice" in south east Queensland and northern NSW from 16 to 20 October 2000. The technical sessions will be held at Coffs Harbour from Wednesday 18 to Friday 20 October. Task 18 is developing systems and guidelines for environmentally sustainable and economic production of biomass for energy from conventional forestry systems; and to promote their acceptance and use in relation to silviculture, forest management, harvesting and transportation. The meeting is being hosted by the Australian Biomass Taskforce and State Forests of NSW. Contact: Dr Annette Cowie, of State Forests NSW, email: annettec@sf.nsw.gov.au, tel: (02) 9872 0138.

Task 19 Biomass Combustion is planning to hold its second 2000 international workshop in Australia, probably in November in NSW. This will be confirmed in future newsletters. It is also likely the successor Task to Task 25, Greenhouse Gas Balances for Bioenergy Systems will hold a meeting in Australia in the first half of 2001. Again details will be provided as they come to hand.

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Biomass Taskforce Review

The Biomass Taskforce was formed by its four founding members in July 1997 for an initial three year period. Membership has grown eight-fold since its formation, reflecting the level of interest in biomass energy. The Centre for International Economics was engaged by RIRDC on behalf of the Biomass Taskforce members to conduct a review of the Biomass Taskforce with view to its continuation. The final report was presented at the March quarterly meeting of the Biomass Taskforce. The report not only recommends that the Biomass Taskforce continue, but recommends it evolves into a more permanent entity under the direction of a Management Committee. On the basis of this report, the Biomass Taskforce membership was canvassed regarding continuation for a further three years, with all Taskforce members having indicated their ongoing support for the Taskforce. A new name for the Biomass Taskforce to reflect its ongoing nature has been canvassed from the membership, and this should be decided at the forthcoming Biomass Taskforce quarterly meeting on 29 June.

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9,500 GWh Additional Renewable Energy Legislation Imminent

The Bill that will mandate that Australian electricity producers provide an additional two percent renewable energy (see Biomass Taskforce Newsletter of February 2000) by 2010 is expected to be submitted to Federal Parliament in the coming weeks. In the announcement following Cabinet's decision to proceed with the measure, the target was set at 9,500 GWh/a from 2010 until 2020, to be phased in gradually from 2001. The measure will apply to wholesale purchasers of electricity on grids larger than 100 MW capacity, with self-generators being excluded as liable parties. The measure will operate through the trading of renewable energy certificates. Biomass energy is expected to provide a substantial proportion of the renewable energy to meet the target.

Information on the 9,500 GWh/a target may be found on the Australian Greenhouse Office's website at: www.greenhouse.gov.au/markets.2percent_ren/fs_boost.html.

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1st World Conference and Exhibition on Biomass for Energy and Industry

Five Australians (four from member organisations of the Biomass Taskforce), plus the Biomass Taskforce Manager, Dr Stephen Schuck, attended the 1st World Conference and Exhibition on Biomass in Seville, Spain from 5-9 June. The conference was attended by 1,062 people from 61 nations. The trade exhibition, an integral part of the conference, attracted 156 exhibitors predominantly from Europe. The technical program consisted of 34 oral sessions, eight visual presentation sessions with 673 posters on the program (a few not on display), and seven workshops on the topics of:

(1) Biofuels and Food-ways for a sustainable approach; (2) Biomass Co-firing; (3) Gasification, Combustion and Co-utilisation of Solid Biomass and Waste Recovered Fuels-R&D Needs for Conversion Technologies; (4) Bioenergy Complex for Commercial Production of Bioethanol towards Large Potential Markets; (5) How to Accelerate Biomass Implementation in Europe; (6) Pyrolysis Applications; (7) Energy Conversion Devices in Biomass Gasification.

The titles of the technical papers and visual presentations may be found on the conference web site: www.etaflorence.it/sevilla.htm. The Proceedings of the conference are expected to issue within the coming months. For further information contact Steve Schuck on email: Steve.Schuck@bigpond.com, Tel: (02) 9416-9246.

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Renewable Energy Commercialisation Program Round 3 Grants

The Australian Greenhouse Office has announced the outcome of the third round of the Renewable Energy Commercialisation Program grant offers. Five of the 12 projects are biomass projects:

Food energy to green energy

A grant of $1,000,000 has been offered to EarthPower Technologies Sydney Pty Ltd to design and construct an anaerobic digestion facility (biomass to energy) in Camellia, Sydney. It will recycle/convert up to 82,000 tonnes/year of food wastes from industrial and commercial sectors into biogas, organic fertiliser and reusable clean water. The biogas will be used both in the drying process for the organic fertiliser and exported to neighbouring industry to replace natural gas in energy production. Diverting biomass waste from landfill reduces emissions of methane and other greenhouse gases that would otherwise occur.
Contact: Mr Ron Mendelsohn, EarthPower Technologies Sydney Pty Ltd, (03) 9654 6799

Bulk Bagasse Dewatering

A $1,000,000 grant has been offered to Mackay Sugar Co-operative Association Limited to build a commercial scale bagasse dewatering station at Racecourse Mill, utilising bulk bagasse from all four sugar mills at Mackay, Queensland. The facility aims to reduce the moisture content of bulk bagasse stored uncovered to 50% and demonstrate the technology and economics of production, transport, storage and use of bagasse as a renewable energy source for sugar mill cogeneration year round. Successful bagasse management would displace the use of some 50,000 tonnes/year of coal thereby reducing CO2 emissions by 122,000 tonnes/year.
Contact: Mr John Peake, Mackay Sugar Co-operative Association Limited, (07) 4953 8280

Gasification of Biomass for Coal Drying

Thiess Contractors Pty Ltd have been offered a grant of $1,000,000 to design, construct and operate a 4.75MW Waterwide Close Coupled Gasifier (CCG) and boiler at the Herman Research Laboratories at Morwell, Victoria. The coal drying facility will utilise locally available biomass for the generation of steam to be used in the brown coal drying process. The CCG will also be capable of handling a variety of biomass fuel types, and be available on a commercial basis for trialing various biomass fuels. Utilisation of biomass to produce heat for fuel drying reduces the quantity of brown coal required to produce each KWh of electricity and thereby reduces greenhouse emissions.
Contact: Mr Tony D'Alessandro, Thiess Contractors Pty Ltd, (07) 3002 9404

ReOrganic Energy

A consortium of Thiess Environmental Services Pty Limited, Landfill Management Services Pty Ltd, New Hope Coal Australia and CS Energy Limited have been offered a grant of $1,000,000 to use landfill gas and bio-gas to directly supplement the coal-fired Swanbank Power Station at Ipswich, Qld. An engineered bio-cell will be established at the adjacent landfill facility for the enhanced production of bio-gas from waste. The landfill and bio-cell will utilise technology that accelerates the degradation process, thereby increasing the production rate of landfill gas and bio-gas. Recovered landfill gas and bio-gas will be processed and piped to the Swanbank Power Station for use as a renewable fuel source.
Contact: Mr John Falzon, Landfill Management Services Pty Ltd, (08) 8363 0100

Medium Scale Biomass Fuelled Power Generation Plant in South Australia

Origin Energy Limited (formerly Boral Energy Ltd) have been offered a grant of up to $750,000 to commercialise a 20MW biomass power station using mainly plantation timber in the Mt Gambier area of southeastern South Australia. The fuel-handling and combustion systems will use a variety of biomass fuels including wood residue from established softwood plantations, recent hardwood plantings and associated saw milling and logging operations as well as some agricultural waste.
Contact: Mr Andrew Stock, Origin Energy Ltd, (08) 8223 8300

Further information is available from the Australian Greenhouse Office. Contact Gillian McDonald, Program Manager, Renewable Energy Grants Programs, telephone (02) 6274 1376 or the Renewable Energy Hotline on (02) 6274 1880.

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SEDA's Assistance Program for Renewable Energy Projects

Applications are presently being invited for funding under the 4th round of SEDA's Renewable Investment Program. SEDA's program supports the construction of small to medium scale energy generators powered by renewable resources such as biomass. This round makes $2 million available for renewable energy projects. To date projects funded under this scheme have been concentrated in regional and rural areas, creating new economic and employment opportunities and underlining the fact that renewable energy industries are a source of growth for regional and rural Australia.

Renewable energy projects funded so far have included the Whytes Gully Green Waste Gasifier at Wollongong and the Broadwater Sugar Mill Bioenergy Cogeneration plant.

Applications for funding close on 14 August 2000 - contact SEDA for a copy of the funding Guidelines. For further information phone Graeme Jessup on (02) 9291 5285 or Email jessup@seda.nsw.gov.au

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Renewable Energy Certificates

The AGO has released a report by McLennan Magasanik Associates Pty Ltd modelling various price projections of the renewable energy certificates from 2001. The report, Projections of Price of Renewable Energy Certificates to Meet the 2% Renewable Energy Target, describes a range of values for the certificates under a number of different scenarios. The report is available in PDF format from
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/markets/2percent_ren/expert/mma/index.html.

An expectation is that certificate (each certificate is for 1 MWh) prices will range from under $20 in 2001 to $41 in 2010 and gradually increase to around $50 by 2020.

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Brightstar Environmental's Green Waste Gasification Project Officially Opened

The NSW Minister for Energy, the Honourable Mr Kim Yeadon opened Brightstar Environmental's green waste to energy project at Whytes Gully near Wollongong NSW on 18 May. The opening marks the completion of the initial phase of this world first Solid Waste to Energy Recycling Facility (SWERF) for the City of Wollongong. The Whytes Gully waste to energy project processes green organic materials such as urban tree loppings and is designed to process a nominal 20,000 tonnes per annum green waste as fuel. The green waste is shredded and fed into a gasifier and converted to a clean synthetic fuel gas. The synthetic fuel gas is combusted with methane, extracted from the adjacent landfill to power a spark ignition gas engine to produce electricity. The second stage of this project will extend the technology to process municipal solid waste and is planned to be eventually expanded to process up to 150,000 tonnes of MSW and generate 120 GWh electricity per annum. This stage will comprise a total of four gasifiers and eight generator modules.

Contact is: Mr Bill Lazarus, Tel: (07) 3275 5600, Email: bill.lazarus@brightenv.com

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Agreement for Chicken Litter Power

Independent electricity retailer W. A. Consolidated Power (WACP) has signed an agreement to purchase power from Australia's first large scale chicken litter fuelled renewable energy power station to be built in Western Australia. WACP Chief Executive Officer Charlie Abner says the WACP agreement with Blair Fox Generation essentially underwrites the $26 million power station by agreeing to buy its entire 10 Megawatts of output for a minimum of fifteen years. In the next few months WACP and Blair Fox are scheduled to negotiate a final Power Purchase Agreement.

The power plant will generate enough renewable electricity to power 13,000 average homes and will reduce WA CO2 emissions by some 70,000 tonnes p.a. A secondary benefit is one of public health as the new power station will use all of the 100,000 tonnes of chicken litter produced each year by the WA chicken meat industry, now used as fertilizer by the state's horticulture industry.

Chicken litter used in this manner is reported to be a serious health issues in regional WA, as it is a significant breeding ground of the Stable Fly, a scourge of many rural communities.

Mr Abner related that the agreement also allows WACP to enter into new retail electricity markets, as outlined by the WA state government's Green Energy Policy, which allows for renewable energy producers to sell electricity (via retailers like WACP) to customers with annual electricity consumption greater than 300 MWh per year.

For further information contact Matthew Rosser, Managing Director of Blair Fox Generation WA

on Tel: (08) 9228 8846, Fax: (08) 9227 0488 , Email: blairfox@cygnus.uwa.edu.au

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Renewable Energy Action Agenda Launch

The Minister for Industry, Science and Resources, Senator Nick Minchin will launch the Renewable Energy Action Agenda at Parliament House, Canberra on 20 June. A Renewable Energy Leadership Group, chaired by Mr Greg Bourne, Regional President of BP Australia Ltd was formed from chief executives from industry, with representation by the Chief Executive of the Australian Greenhouse Office, Gwen Andrews and Division Head, Patricia Kelly of DISR. The Leadership Group also included industry association advisers, including the Biomass Taskforce Manager, Dr Stephen Schuck.

Information on the Action Agenda may be found on the web at: www.isr.gov.au/agendas.

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Sugarcane Trash Harvesting for Bioenergy

SEDA has signed an agreement with the NSW Sugar Milling Cooperative to use more waste from the sugar growing industry to generate electricity. The SEDA grant provides a four-year low-interest loan to help develop and implement a modification to current sugar cane harvesting methods. It is common practice now to burn off a canefield before harvesting. This burns most of the leafy material of the cane plant. Cane is sometimes cut "green", but the "trash" (the leafy material) is dumped on the field, where it is normally burnt before growing the next crop. The finance is to allow modifications to harvesters so that the cane will be cut green, and the trash chopped up and collected as the cane is cut. The collected trash will then be available as an additional fuel for burning in the mills' boilers for generating electricity.

The trash collection project should supplement the current bagasse fuel by at least 50%. As previously related in the Biomass Taskforce newsletters, the NSW Sugar Milling Co-operative and Delta Electricity are planning to install a 30MW co-generation plant at Condong. Similar plants are planned at Broadwater and Harwood.

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USA FERCO/Batelle Gasifier Receives US $16 Million Support

Future Energy Resources Corporation (FERCO) has announced that it has received US$16 million to move its biomass gasification process towards production and marketing. The investment came from billionaire philanthropist Ted Turner's Turner Foundation and others. The U.S. Department of Energy had previously supported the technology with US $26.9

million in funding. The biomass process is the first of its kind to produce electric power from biomass feedstock using an unmodified product gas to power a gas turbine. Feedstocks from forestry, agricultural, and municipal waste are converted to a medium heating value gas that can replace natural gas often used to fuel gas turbine generators. Process gas could also be used to power vehicles or as a base chemical for synthetic petrochemicals. The process is also a way for municipalities to dispose of waste. The FERCO process was first developed by the Battelle Memorial Institute in the 1980's.

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Microturbine News

Canadian power company Hydro-Quebec, through its venture capital subsidiary CapiTech, has invested US $8 million in Capstone Turbine Corporation - maker of the 30 kW MicroTurbine™. Capstone has in turn announced yet another business partnership -

this time with Meidensha Corporation and Sumitomo Corporation. The two Japanese companies will jointly distribute the MicroTurbine for stationary applications, develop combined heat and power technology and include systems integration and maintenance programs with installations.

The Capstone turbine can currently run on biogas from landfills and anaerobic digestors, and is being further developed to run on gasified biomass. Capstone Turbines are being marketed in Australian through Harris Energy Solutions Pty Ltd.

Capstone's web address is http://www.capstoneturbine.com/. Harris Energy Solutions may be contacted on Tel: 0408 257 322, Email: greghar@mpx.com.au

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Biobased Polymer Plant Under Construction in the USA

On 25 April, Cargill Dow, a 50:50 joint venture between the Dow Chemical Company and Cargill Incorporated, broke ground on the world's first global-scale polylactide (PLA) manufacturing facility. The Blair, Nebraska-based plant will specialize in a new polymer called NatureWorks PLA that can be used in a wide variety of consumer goods. The plant will use a process of simple fermentation, distillation, and polymerization of natural plant sugars to "harvest" the carbon that plants remove from the air during photosynthesis as the basis for PLA. The $300 million plant, expected to be operational in 2002, will require 40,000 bushels of corn each day to meet its worldwide production capacity and could employ up to 100 workers. Cargill Dow is the first company to offer polymers derived entirely from renewable resources to its customers. (Source: Biobased Products and Bioenergy Bimonthly Newsletter)

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Gasification of Olive Wastes

In May PRM Energy Systems and its Licensees PRiMEnergy, LLC, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and Guascor, S.A. of Spain, successfully completed the installation, startup and testing of a new Guascor internal combustion engine/generator, designed to operate on 100 percent low calorific synthesis gas produced from olive waste by the PRME Biomass Gasifier. The Guascor engine operating on olive wastes at the PRiMEnergy Biomass Gasification Center in Tulsa is similar to six (6) Guascor engines that are to be installed at a 3.8MWe olive waste fueled, power generation facility under construction in Italy. The PRME Biomass Fired Engine Generator System (BFEG) is available in sizes from 750kW to 10MW. The system is capable of operating with most biomass materials as fuel. More information is available on the following web sites:

http://www.prmenergy.com; http://www.primenergy.com; http://www.guascor.com

Contacts are: PRM Energy Systems, Inc. - Ron Bailey Jr. Tel: (0011 1) 501-767-2100;

Fax: (0011 1) 501-767-6968; Email: rbaileyj@prmenergy.com

PRiMEnergy LLC - Bill Scott - Tel:918-835-1011; Fax:918-835-1058;

Email: wnscott@primenergy.com

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Algae Power

Bright green pond algae could be a major source of hydrogen, if scientists are correct.

Researchers at the University of Berkeley in California and the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory have discovered that when bright green algae known as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are deprived of sulfur they produce the enzyme hydrogenase. Hydrogenase can split water into hydrogen and oxygen - a biological version of electrolysis. Presently the hydrogen production is too low for commercial use; however scientists feel hydrogen production can be increased ten-fold with mutant versions of the algae. At higher levels of production a small-pond could power a dozen cars for a week. Hydrogen could power fuel cells or combustion engines. The full text of the research is in the January edition of Plant Physiology. Alternatively visit UC Berkeley at http://www.urel.berkeley.edu/release.

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Biomass on the Internet

The Internet provides a valuable source of information on biomass and allied topics. Below are some Internet addresses to supplement the addresses given in the previous nine issues of the Biomass Taskforce newsletters. These lists are consolidated as electronic links on the Biomass Taskforce's web page at http://www.users.bigpond.com/Steve.Schuck/ABT

Municipal Solid Waste
http://conx.com/ceed/elecgenmix/munisolwas.html
http://www.ngsa.org/rc-msw.html

Natural Step Environmental Institute
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~natstep/index.html

Decton Burn Systems (US)
http://www.decton.com

Maps of biomass in Europe
http://www.eeci.net/

Australian Hemp Resource and Manufacture (industrial hemp)
http://www.ahrm.com.au

Directory of waste recycling and recovery operators in Tasmania
http://www.dpiwe.tas.gov.au/env/recycling_directory

"Growing Carbon: A New Crop that Helps Agricultural Producers and the Climate Too" (USDept of Agriculture )
http://www.swcs.org/docs/carbon_brochure.pdf

Ensyn (pyrolysis bio-oils)
http://ensyn.com

Anaerobic digestion
http://www.webconx.com/methane.htm
http://waste2profits.com/articles.htm

Ag Fiber Technology News
http://www.agfibertechnology.com/424956.html

Environmental Media Services
http://www.ems.org

E3 Consultants
http://www.ethree.com.au

Hazelwood Power
http://www.hazelwood-power.com.au

BG Technologies (Indian gasifier technology)
http://www.bgtechnologies.net

Enecon Pty Ltd
http://www.enecon.com.au

The ANZSES Solar 2000 Conference
http://www.solar2000.aust.com

Siemens Power
http://www.siemens.de/kwu/

NetEnergy - Journal of the Energy and Environment Division of the Department of Industry, Science and Resources
http://www.isr.gov.au/resources/netenergy

Ag Fiber Technology News
http://www.agfibertechnology.com/066042.html

Fluidyne gasification  archive
http://members.xoom.com/whitools/

USA National Biodiesel Board
http://www.nbb.org/
http://www.biodiesel.org/

AVEL (Australasian Virtual Engineering Library)
http://avel.edu.au

Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au

CSIRO DWE 'futures to 2050' workshop series
http://www.dwe.csiro.au/futures/ecumene/DIMAwshopReps.htm

Oregon Office of Energy
http://www.energy.state.or.us/biomass/workshop.htm

Sustainable Energy Day - 2000 Monash University on July 12
http://www.ecse.monash.edu.au/prof/sustenergyday/index.html

VTT's publication,  'Safe handling of renewable fuels and fuel mixtures'
http://www.inf.vtt.fi/pdf/publications/1999/P394.pdf

Wankel (rotary Engine) for producer gas
http://www.pegasuspower.com
http://www.bgtechnologies.net

Gasification (Tom Reid)
http://www.woodgas.com

Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (IFAFS)
http://www.reeusda.gov/ifafs

Joint Institute for Energy and Environment
http://www.jiee.org/Alliance/workshop.html

Sattler  (gas storage tanks) for the  agricultural, industrial and sewage treatment sector.
http://www.sattler-europe.com

American Scientist article on effect of poultry and pork production on a river (relates to AD)
http://www.amsci.org/amsci/articles/00articles/mallin.html

Anaerobic digestion sites

NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
http://www.ntnu.no/~inm/
http://www.cambi.no/

Effluent-Irrigated Plantation Research
http://www.ffp.csiro.au/pff/effluent_guideline/

Sustainable Minnesota Newsletter Page
http://www.me3.org/issues/biomass/

The Carbon Trader
http://www.thecarbontrader.com

Summary of a feasibility study of parallel combustion of biomass at an existing 600 MW coal-fired power plant
http://www.caddet-re.org/html/100art3.htm

"Natural Capitalism - Creating the Next Industrial Revolution" by Paul Hawken, Amory & Hunter Lovins.
http://www.naturalcapitalism.org

Carbonization & Torrefaction of Briquettes at
http://www.rwedp.org/acrobat/rm23.pdf

Community Power site
http://www.gocpc.com

Wood combustor (to 10 MW)
http://pages.infinit.net/energfei

Australian Science Future
http://www.science.org.au/future

Biomass gasification.
http://www.marrick.co.uk

Gasifier stove video and web page
http://www.retsasia.ait.ac.th

Renewable Energy Industry Development (REID) program component of RECP
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/recp/reid

"Charcoal production and pyrolysis technologies". REUR  Technical Series No. 20, 1991, p.101 - 114, publ. by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
http://www.techtp.com/torrefied%20wood.htm

"Sustainable Energy Day-2000" Monash University
http://www.ecse.monash.edu.au/prof/sustenergyday/index.html

TEPCO (re renewable energy legislation in Japan to subsidise renewables)
http://www.tepco.co.jp/index-e.html

Resource Development Associates (Phil Lusk)
http://www.biogasworks.com

Prime Energy (rice gasifier)
http://www.guascor.com

The other Steve Shook's forest directory website (University of Idaho)
http://www.forestdirectory.com

Wood pellet stoves
www.pelletstove.com

The making of the Källe-gasifier " (published in 1942)
http://www.artech.se/~joacim/gengas

IEA Bioenergy Task 29
http://www.eihp.hr/task29.htm

IEA CADDET Renewable Energy Centre Technical  Brochures

114: Wood Waste as a  Substitute for Coal (The Netherlands)
http://www.caddet-re.org/assets/no114.pdf

115: A Diesel Engine Fuelled by Spent Vegetable Oil (Japan)
http://www.caddet-re.org/assets/no115.pdf

116: Wood Chip Gasifier Supplies Heat to Small Community (Denmark)
http://www.caddet-re.org/assets.no116.pdf

117: Waste Biomass Use at the New Oslo International Airport (Norway)
http://www.caddet-re.org/assets/no117.pdf

118: Co-digestion of  Manure with Industrial and Household Waste (Denmark)
http://www.caddet-re.org/assets/no118.pdf

AGORES, the official EU website for renewable energy
http://www.agores.org

U.S. Energy Association
http://www.usea.org

Fluidyne Gasification pictures showing some machines with coppice willow
http://members.xoom.com/_XMCM/whitools/index.html

Report from Jaakko Poyry called "The need for Change -  Positioning Australia's Forestry Industry for the Changes/Opportunities of  Tomorrow".  Forestry Action Agenda paper
http://www.affa.gov.au/ffid/final-report.pdf

Pyrolyser/ charcoal making stove & research
http://www.ikweb.com/enuff/public_html/Turbo/Turbo.htm
http://www.ikweb.com/enuff/public_html/aburner/td1.htm

Discussion about Ethanol - April 19th, 2000, the Portland Hilton, Oregon.
http://www.energy.state.or.us/biomass/workshop.htm

Forest and Wood Products Action Agenda
http://www.afffa.gov.au/affa/subjects/forestry.html#5 

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